Interviews

Apart from the general instructions presented in this chapter, the following issues should be considered for interviews:

• Recording of data: Define how the data should be documented.  Examples are as follows: Recording of the responses in a prepared response scale (in standardised interviews), written protocol of the responses or recording on an audio or video recorder (in non-standardised interviews, see page on Interviews).
• Skills of the interviewer: The interviewers should be familiar with conducting interviews and should know the aim of the interview. If necessary, organise appropriate training for the potential interviewers (cf. Von Saldern, 1998; Bortz & Döring, 2003).
  • Being informed: The interviewer should be able to answer questions about the project; thus, he/she should be familiar with the project.
  • Being neutral: The interviewer should remain neutral towards the interviewees and towards the questions!
  • Creating a pleasant atmosphere: The interviewer should create a relaxed atmosphere during each interview. For example, he/she should be able to react to complaints or organisational problems in a responsible and appropriate way.
  • Needless to say, the interviewer should have sufficient language skills.
    
  • Being self-critical: In order to avoid influences on responses as a result of their conduct, behaviour, attitude, etc. the interviewer should be always aware of his/her behaviour.
    

• Medium: How do you want to communicate with the interview partner? Directly (face-to-face), by phone, by online messaging, etc.? This depends not only on the technical possibilities but also on the issues to be discussed.

• Do you want to conduct personal or group interviews? Group settings are appropriate if you want to gain insights from a relatively open group discussion. A personal interview can be more easily standardised.
  

General procedure

A) Preparation

1. Prepare an interview schedule
   
2. Send a letter to interview partners to inform them and prepare them regarding the topics to be discussed. If necessary, the interview schedule can be also sent.
   
3. Arrange interview place, time and duration with each interview partners (by phone).
   
4. Collect information about the project and the interview partners (role in the project).

B) Implementaiton

1. Greet and introduce yourself, refer to the cover letter.
2. Explain once more why the survey is being conducted.
   
3. Explain  that the interview will be minuted / recorded.
4. Explain what will happen to the results.
   
5. Begin the interview.
   
6. Conclude the interview: Allow the interviewee to ask questions and comment, thank him/her for the information and their participation.